About
Himalayas
The Lesser Himalayas, located in northwestern India in the states of
Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, in north-central India in the state of Sikkim,
and in northeastern India in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, range from 1,500
to 5,000 meters in height.
Located in the Lesser Himalayas are the hill stations of Shimla (Simla) and
Darjiling (Darjeeling). During the colonial period, these and other hill stations
were used by the British as summer retreats to escape the intense heat of the
plains. It is in this transitional vegetation zone that the contrasts between
the bare southern slopes and the forested northern slopes become most noticeable.
The Outer or Southern Himalayas, averaging 900 to 1,200 meters in elevation,
lie between the Lesser Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
In Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, this southernmost range is often referred
to as the Siwalik Hills. It is possible to identify a fourth, and northernmost
range, known as the Trans-Himalaya. This range is located entirely on the Qinghai-Xizang
Plateau, north of the great west-to-east trending valley of the Yarlung Zangbo
River.
Although the Trans-Himalaya Range is divided from the Great Himalayan Range
for most of its length, it merges with the Great Himalayan Range in the western
section--the Karakoram Range--where India, Pakistan, and China meet.
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